Correlation Between Drinking Water and Iodine Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Iodine is a micronutrient essential for maintaining normal body functioning, and the consumption depends on the distribution in the environment, and insufficient or excessive intake results in thyroid dysfunction. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the correlation between iodine concentration in drinking water and the iodine status of the population. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and was registered at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (CRD42019128308). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), LILACS (Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences), and Cochrane Library, June 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed by a checklist for cross-sectional studies developed by Joanna Briggs Institute. The initial search identified 121 articles, out of which ten were included in this systematic review, and five were included in the meta-analysis. Among the articles listed, six adopted cutoff points to classify the iodine content in the drinking water. The study identified median iodine concentration in drinking water from 2.2 to 617.8 µg/L and the correlation between iodine concentration in drinking water and urinary iodine concentration was 0.92, according to meta-analysis. Furthermore, the iodine status was correlated to the iodine content in water. The determination of a cutoff point can contribute to the implementation of iodine consumption control measures.

Iodine Concentration in Brazilian Drinking Water and Its Possible Contribution to Iodine Intake for Different Physiological Groups.

Objective: The objective is to analyze the concentration of iodine in Brazilian drinking water and its possible contribution to iodine intake for different groups. Methods: Water samples collected from primary healthcare units in eight locations distributed across all five macroregions of Brazil were analyzed. The quantification of iodine in the water samples was done by spectrophotometry (leuco crystal violet method). To classify the degree of iodine concentration, the recommendation of the Ministry of Health (China) was followed since Brazil lacks a classification standard. To verify the possible contribution of drinking water to iodine intake for different groups, the recommended water intake for each group according to the United States Institute of Medicine (2004) was considered. The percentage of iodine in drinking water and its contribution to iodine intake for different physiological groups were calculated based on the estimated average requirement (EAR) of iodine. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 and Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) version 9.2. Results: Significant differences were found between the maximum and minimum concentrations of iodine in water samples from the same location. In Pinhais (south region), the difference was 44.32 µg· L-1; in Viçosa (southeast region), it was 27.86 µg·L-1; in Rondonópolis (midwest region), it was 12.66 µg·L-1; in São Luís (northeast region), it was 11.82 µg·L-1; in Brasilian Federal District (midwest region), it was 10.98 µg·L-1; in Macaé (southeast region), it was 10.14 µg· L-1; in Palmas (north region), it was 4.22 µg·L-1; and in Vitória (southeast region), it was 1.69 µg·L-1. The maximum concentrations of iodine found in the drinking water of Pinhais and Viçosa can contribute more than 70.0% and 50.0%, respectively, to daily iodine intake for all groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the concentration of iodine in drinking water from different locations in each city or Federal District is a preventive measure against inadequate iodine intake and possible adverse changes in population health.

Implications of iodine deficiency by gestational trimester: a systematic review.

As pregnant women are susceptible to changes in iodine, which can cause miscarriage, goiter, thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, in addition to fetal neurological impairment or development. The aim of this study was to verify the implications of the iodine alteration in each gestational trimester and its consequences of physiological justification. The review was based on PRISMA. Searching for articles that took place in March 2020 without delimiting data. As bases consulted were the Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Medline (PubMed). The descriptors were combined as follows: "pregnancy" AND "iodine deficiency". Articles that addressed iodine deficiency and its implications were included. The selection followed the steps of reading the titles, abstracts and full articles. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the STROBE Instruction instrument was used. The research resulted in 1,266 studies and 11 were included. In assessing methodological quality, the lowest score was and the maximum 20. According to studies, the fourth most affected by iodine loss are the second and third, it is possible to increase the volume and pneumatic nodules, subclinical hypothyroidism, pre-eclampsia, among others. The damages caused by iodine deficiency in the first or second trimester are still reversible, therefore, they need to be diagnosed early, to guarantee an iodic homeostasis and prevent damage to the health of the mother-child binomial.

Implications of iodine deficiency by gestational trimester: a systematic review

ABSTRACT As pregnant women are susceptible to changes in iodine, which can cause miscarriage, goiter, thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism, in addition to fetal neurological impairment or development. The aim of this study was to verify the implications of the iodine alteration in each gestational trimester and its consequences of physiological justification. The review was based on PRISMA. Searching for articles that took place in March 2020 without delimiting data. As bases consulted were the Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, Lilacs and Medline (PubMed). The descriptors were combined as follows: "pregnancy" AND "iodine deficiency". Articles that addressed iodine deficiency and its implications were included. The selection followed the steps of reading the titles, abstracts and full articles. To assess the methodological quality of the studies, the STROBE Instruction instrument was used. The research resulted in 1,266 studies and 11 were included. In assessing methodological quality, the lowest score was and the maximum 20. According to studies, the fourth most affected by iodine loss are the second and third, it is possible to increase the volume and pneumatic nodules, subclinical hypothyroidism, pre-eclampsia, among others. The damages caused by iodine deficiency in the first or second trimester are still reversible, therefore, they need to be diagnosed early, to guarantee an iodic homeostasis and prevent damage to the health of the mother-child binomial.

Methodological aspects of dietary quality assessment in Brazil: systematic review. / Aspectos metodológicos da avaliação da qualidade da dieta no Brasil: revisão sistemática.

This systematic review analyzes the methodologies of Brazilian studies that have used indices to evaluate dietary quality. A systematic search was performed of electronic databases (Lilacs, Medline, SciELO and Scopus) with no restriction on the year of publication of the studies. Original, Brazilian articles were selected that assessed dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) or its revised versions. The descriptors were as follows: dietary quality; healthy eating index; and dietary quality index. Atotal of 45 articles were selected, of which 60% analyzed dietary quality using an instrument called the Healthy Eating Index and the rest used an index of dietary quality. Of the analyzed studies, 68.9% classified dietary quality. Most of the studies used ten items to evaluate dietary quality and were not standardized regarding methodologies. A total of 33.3% of the studies related the index to socioeconomic and demographic factors, food items and health conditions. Differences in terms of nomenclature and methodologies made it difficult to compare these studies of dietary quality.

Aspectos metodológicos da avaliação da qualidade da dieta no Brasil: revisão sistemática / Methodological aspects of dietary quality assessment in Brazil: systematic review

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática objetivou analisar metodologias de estudos brasileiros que utilizam índices para avaliação da qualidade da dieta. Realizou-se busca sistemática em bases eletrônicas de dados (Lilacs, Medline, SciELO e Scopus), sem fazer restrição ao ano de publicação dos estudos. Foram selecionados artigos originais, nacionais, que avaliassem a qualidade da dieta pelo Healthy Eating Index (HEI) ou suas versões revisadas. Utilizou-se os descritores: qualidade da dieta, índice de alimentação saudável, índice de qualidade da dieta e respectivos termos em inglês. Foram selecionados 45 artigos, dos quais, 60% analisaram a qualidade da dieta por instrumento denominado índice de alimentação saudável e o restante por índice de qualidade da dieta. Dos estudos analisados, 68,9% classificaram a qualidade da dieta. A maioria dos estudos utilizou 10 itens para avaliação da qualidade da dieta e não apresentaram padronização quanto às metodologias. Dos estudos, 33,3% relacionaram o índice com fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, itens alimentares e condições de saúde. Diferenças de nomeação e metodologias dificultam comparações entre os estudos de avaliação da qualidade da dieta.

Abstract This systematic review analyzes the methodologies of Brazilian studies that have used indices to evaluate dietary quality. A systematic search was performed of electronic databases (Lilacs, Medline, SciELO and Scopus) with no restriction on the year of publication of the studies. Original, Brazilian articles were selected that assessed dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) or its revised versions. The descriptors were as follows: dietary quality; healthy eating index; and dietary quality index. Atotal of 45 articles were selected, of which 60% analyzed dietary quality using an instrument called the Healthy Eating Index and the rest used an index of dietary quality. Of the analyzed studies, 68.9% classified dietary quality. Most of the studies used ten items to evaluate dietary quality and were not standardized regarding methodologies. A total of 33.3% of the studies related the index to socioeconomic and demographic factors, food items and health conditions. Differences in terms of nomenclature and methodologies made it difficult to compare these studies of dietary quality.

Concentrado proteico do soro e yacon agregam valor nutricional e sensorial em iogurte diet / Whey protein concentrate and yacon enhance the nutritional and sensory values in diet yogurt

Neste estudo, foram analisadas a composição química e a aceitabilidade de iogurte diet em que foram acrescentados concentrado proteico do soro de leite (CPS) e diferentes concentrações de doce de yacon (DY). Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de iogurtes utilizando-se leite parcialmente desnatado,1,5% de CPS, 1,1% de edulcorante, 1,0% de essência de salada de fruta e concentrações de 8%, 15% e 25%de DY. A composição centesimal das quatro formulações foi analisada segundo os critérios da legislação brasileira. A aceitabilidade das amostras foi avaliada por 82 consumidores e examinadas por meio de análise de regressão, com ajustamento de um modelo de regressão e mapa de preferência interno. Os teores de proteínas em todas as formulações mostraram valores adequados conforme previsto na legislação brasileira. As formulações apresentaram valores abaixo de 2,9 g . 100 g-1 nos teores de lipídios, sendo classificadas como produtos parcialmente desnatados. Quanto maior a adição de doce de yacon, maior foi a aceitação do iogurte pelos consumidores. Desta forma, os iogurtes desenvolvidos atendem às exigências do mercado consumidor atual, que deseja produtos com boa qualidade sensorial e nutricional, capazes de agregar vantagens de alimentos funcionais e trazer benefícios à saúde.